Any construction begins with the foundation. All depends on its quality and stability. In the broadest sense of the word, it simply does not make sense to further invest in construction, if there are problems with the foundation. Unfortunately, a feature of low -rise construction is the fact that, as a rule, each owner himself is an architect. Country buildings, such as garden houses, baths, arbors and similar, they are all very light, which forgives numerous mistakes in the laid foundation. And yet, warned, it means armed. To exclude problems, and even complete unsuitability to the use of the structure, you must familiarize yourself with the basic principles of the construction of the foundation.
Starting construction, and starting with the foundation, the question arises of how to make the highest quality structure with a minimum investment. Where to start – with the study of the soil. If you are building a cottage worth several million, it is just stupid to spare money for a geophysical study of soil. Depending on the bearing capacity of the soil, the structure and depth of the layers, the aquifer, the depth of freezing, etc., the specialist must give comprehensive recommendations on the most optimal foundation, in this particular case. For small buildings, with a slight investment, it is enough to approach the issue simplified. Study literature, read construction forums.
Considering the second option, we make a trial excavation of the soil, then by the table we determine with the bearing capacity of the soil. Based on the results, a reasonable choice of the type of foundation is made. The classic version for summer cottage construction is finely buried strip, relatively new, but rapidly gaining popularity – columnar, its variety is columnar with asbestos pipes, tile, filling, etc. D.
Any option should be carried out in compliance with building codes. The most popular strip foundation in the small construction is performed either to the depth of freezing of the soil, to exclude seasonal movements, or finely buried, for uniform shift. In general, seasonal movements are quite significant, while their impact cannot be opposed, so you need to take this point very seriously. Trench, over the walls is laid by roofing material or other material, for a triple effect. The first is waterproofing, to prevent the waterproofing by the capillaries to the main construction, the second, this freezing water in the capillaries easily destroys the monolith of the tape, in the third, soil, bulging and lowering when freezing and thawing, does not pull the friction of the foundation, due. Many neglect this isolation. The reinforcement also does not lie as necessary, there are rules, it cannot be welded, corrosion will destroy the welding location, the metal contact with the ground cannot be allowed, the installation density is also given in reference books, depending on the loads. Concrete for filling it is advisable to use fresh and simultaneous filling, otherwise the strength is reduced.
As you can see, there are a lot of rules and they are very important. For light country buildings, many mistakes say goodbye, and only the coarse ones will spoil the work. And whoever does not try, he is not mistaken, do and everything will work out.
